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Y CLODDFEYDD AUR.Mae ugeiniau o filoedd o ddynion, braidd o bob cenedl dan y nef, yn y cloddfeydd yn cloddio ac yn golchi y pridd i chwilio am y llwch gwerthfawr. Y mae ugeiniau o filltiroedd ysgwar wedi eu cloddio a’u rhwygo o’r wlad er yr amser cyntaf y darganfyddwyd yr aur, mewn gwahanol gwmoedd ac ardaloedd, pell ac agos oddiwrth eu gilydd. Ceir weithiau ran o’r wlad, am 30 milltir o amgylchiad, wedi ei dinystrio, yn llawn tyllau o wahanol ddyfnder, o 6 i 150 o droedfeddi. |
THE GOLDFIELDSScores of thousands of men, of almost every nation under heaven, work on the diggings and wash the earth in search of the valuable dust. Scores of square miles of the country have been dug up and torn up since the first discovery of gold, in various valleys and districts, close to and far from each other. Sometimes one finds a part of the country, for 30 miles around, destroyed, full of holes of various depths, from 6 to 150 feet. |
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Trwy dalu 30 swllt hyd yn ddiweddar (ond 20 swllt ydyw yn awr) i’r llywodraeth, mae gan y sawl a fyno, hawl i gloddio a chwilio am aur yn y man y myno o fewn y wlad. |
Until recently, upon payment of 30 shillings (but it is now 20 shillings) to the government, any one who wished had the right to dig and look for gold anywhere in the country he wished. |
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Lottery hollol ydyw chwilio am aur.—mae esiamplau o ddynion gweithgar, diwyd, a chynnil, ac yn werth arian, yn gweithio yn galed am fisoedd, er hyny yn myned yn dlawd wrth chwilio hyd yn oed am aur; ïe, y mae cannoedd a miloedd o’r cyfryw yn Australia yn bresenol. |
Looking for gold is entirely a lottery—there are examples of industrious, persevering, thrifty men, with money to their names, working hard for months, but becoming poor merely by searching for gold; indeed, there are hundreds and thousands of such men in Australia at the present time. |
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Bryd arall ceir esiamplau o ddynion lled ddiog, meddwon, a diegwyddor, yn syrthio i afael trysor. Y mae ail droi yr hen dyllau a dòrwyd flynyddau yn ol, yn ateb yn well na chloddio mewn daear newydd. Ond weithiau deuir o hyd i ambell fan yn bresenol yn cynnwys trysor ynddo; ond buan y llyngcir ef i fyny gan y miloedd pobl sy’n dylifo yno o bob gwlad. |
At other times one finds examples of rather lazy men, unprincipled drunkards, striking treasure. Reworking the old pits cut out years ago is more profitable than digging new earth. But on occasion at the present day a place is found containing treasure; but soon it is swallowed up by the thousands of people who pour in from every land. |
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Mae yr olwg ar y mwnwyr yn pabellu yn dra rhyfeddol. Gwelir miloedd o bebyll gwynion yn rhesi am filltiroedd, yn cael eu preswylio gan bob cenedl o dan y nef, blith-dra-phlith. Yno y gwelir pobl China ac India Ddwyreiniol a’i hynysoedd, Indiaid o’r gorllewin, Americiaid o’r Taleithiau a Chanada, pobl Ynysoedd Môr Mawr y De, a llangciau llygadfrith New Zealand, yr Affrigiad a’i wallt byr a chrychlyd, yn nghyda phobl o bob gwlad yn Nghyfander Europe—y Sais, y Cymro, yr Ysgotyn, a’r Gwyddel, a phobl Ynys Manaw, oll wedi eu symbylu o’u cartrefi i chwilio am yr aur. |
The sight of the camping miners is quite a marvel. Thousands of white tents can be seen in rows stretching for miles, inhabited by every nation under heaven, jumbled together. One can see there people from China and the East Indies, Indians, Americans from the States and Canada, people from the South Sea Islands, and the brindle lads of New Zealand, the African with his short and curly hair, as well as people from every land on the Continent of Europe—The Englishman, the Welshman, the Scot, and the Irishman, and people from the Isle of Man, all lured from their homes to search for gold. |
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Pellder y Cloddfeydd Aur o Melbourn sydd fel y canlyn:—Anderson’s Creek oddeutu 25 milltir; Mac Ifor, 75 milltir; Forest Creek, 110; Balarat Diggings o ddeutu 95 milltir; holl Ddiggings Mount Alexander oddeutu 100 milltir; a’r Ovens, 210. Barna dynion deallus fod llwch yr aur yn gymysgedig â’r pridd yn cyraedd am gannoedd o filltiroedd, ond ei fod wedi ei hau mor deneu fel nad ydyw yn talu am y llafur o’i gasglu. Mae rhai ardaloedd nad ellir codi llonaid rhaw o’r ddaear heb fod ynddo ryw ychydig o aur yn gymysgedig â’r pridd. |
The distances of the Goldfields from Melbourne are as follows:—Anderson’s Creek about 25 miles; McIvor Creek, 75 miles; Forest Creek, 110; Ballarat Diggings about 95 miles; all the Diggings at Mount Alexander about 100 miles; and the Ovens, 210. Intelligent men reckon that gold dust is admixed with the soil for hundreds of miles, but it is so thinly sown that it would not repay the labour needed to collect it. There are some districts where not a spadeful of earth can be lifted without a little gold being mixed with the soil. |
MANNA AUSTRALIA.Pan oeddwn un diwrnod yn yr anialwch canfyddwn fwthyn bugail, a dau fachgen bychan yn casglu i’w llaw, ac oddiyno i’r genau. Gofynais iddynt beth oeddynt yn ei gasglu; dywedent mai manna oedd. Gofynais a oedd yn dda; dywedent hwythau ei fod yn dda iawn. Gwelwn ef yn dipynau crynion cyn wyned ag eira, ac heb fod yn fân; cesglais inau a bwyteais, “a’i flas oedd fel afrllad o fêl,” gan ganu,— |
AUSTRALIAN MANNA.When I was in the wilderness one day I spied a shepherd’s hut, and two small boys gathering something with their hands, and bringing it to their mouths. I asked what they were gathering; they said that it was manna. I asked whether it was good; and they said that it was very good. I saw that it consisted of round pieces as white as snow, and not small; I gathered some as well and ate it, “and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey,”36 reciting,— |
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“Mae’r Manna wedi ei gael |
“Now is the Manna found |
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Ni cheir y manna ond o dan goed mawrion y Peppermint tree; a bernir y cynnyrchir ef gan fath o locustiaid a ymborthant ar ddail y coed hyny. |
The manna is found only under the great Peppermint tree; and it is thought that it is produced by a kind of locust37 that feeds on the leaves of that tree. |
CLUDIAD YMBORTH A NWYDDAU O’R TREFYDD I GANOLBARTH Y WLAD.Mae yr ych wedi ac yn bod yn hynod o ddefnyddiol at hyn. Gellir gweled ugeiniau o gerti mawrion llwythog, yn cael eu tynu weithiau gan ddeg neu ddeuddeg o ychain, y rhai a gychwynant o’r trefydd am ugeiniau a channoedd o filltiroedd i’r wlad i’r gwahanol gloddfeydd. Er dyogelwch, trafaelia chwech neu ddeg o gerti yn yr un cwmnïaeth; ac yn ngwres tanbaid yr haul a thrymder y gauaf, pabellant yn nghyd y nos, a chychwynant y boreu yn un fintai, ac fe barha y daith weithiau am fis o amser. Telir i’r cludwyr wrth y dunell, yn ol hyd y ffordd, o £10 hyd yn £80 y dunell. |
TRANSPORT OF GOODS AND PROVISIONS FROM THE TOWNS TO THE INTERIOR.Oxen have been and still are most useful for this. One can see scores of large loaded wagons, drawn sometimes by ten or twelve oxen, which travel from the towns for scores and hundreds of miles into the country to various goldfields. For safety, six or ten carts travel in one company; and in the burning heat of the sun and the gloom of winter, they make camp together at night, and start out together in the morning, and the journey sometimes takes a month. The carriers are paid by the ton, according to the length of the journey, from £10 to £80 a ton. |
Y DULL Y CEDWIR Y SABBATH.O fewn dinas Melbourne y mae y gweddeid-dra mwyaf yn ymddangos ar yr heolydd ar y Sabbath; cauir yr holl fasnachdai, ac ni oddefir gwerthu unrhyw nwyddau ar yr heolydd, ac y mae yr holl dai lle y gwerthir diodydd meddwol yn gauedig; a dirwyir yn drwm y sawl a geir yn feddw, yn enwedig ar y Sabbath. Mae heolydd dinas Melbourne yn llawn o bobl yn cyfeirio i wahanol addoldai y dref. Ond allan yn y bush y mae yn dra gwahanol—y ffyrdd yn cael eu trafaelu gan gerti llwythog o nwyddau yn myned i’r wlad, ac ychydig iawn o barch yn cael ei ddangos i’r Sabbath. |
HOW THE SABBATH IS KEPT.In the streets of Melbourne the greatest propriety is observed on the Sabbath; all the shops are closed, and no goods are permitted to be sold on the streets, and all the premises selling intoxicating liquor are closed; and any one who is found drunk is heavily fined, especially on the Sabbath. The streets are full of people on their way to the various houses of worship in the town. But out in the ‘bush’ it is very different—the roads are traversed by wagons loaded with goods being taken to the country, and the Sabbath is shown very little respect. |
ANSAWDD CREFYDD.Rhyw ail neu drydydd peth yw crefydd yn Australia, a’r ystori mwyaf diflas a ellir ei dwyn i’r bwrdd yw rhyw beth yn nghylch crefydd, yn enwedig gan yr hen ddwylaw (old hands); ond er hyny mae lle i obeithio bod yno lawer o bobl dduwiol, ac yn meddwl am ei enw Ef. Mae eglwys Loegr, ac eglwys rydd Ysgotland, a’r brodyr ffyddlon y Wesleyaid, wedi ac yn parhau i weithio yn rymus a chanmoladwy iawn. Mae gan y Cymry ychydig achos crefyddol yn cael ei gynal mewn ysgoldy perthynol i’r eglwys rydd yn Melbourn, am y lle y telir punt y Sabbath y blynyddoedd 52 hyd 54. Pregethwyd iddynt gan dri brawd ffyddlawn o’r enwau John Davies, Abraham Jones, a Zorobabel Davies, perthynol i gorph y Bedyddwyr—ymadawodd y brodyr hyn i’r wlad; a phregethir i’r gynnulleidfa Gymreig yn awr gan Moses Jones, perthyna i’r Trefnyddion Calfinaidd, ac mae yr achos yno yn bresenol yn lled siriol, yn cynwys o ddeutu 50 o aelodau proffesedig. Mae y Llywodraeth wedi eu hanrhegu â darn o dir i adeiladu Capel arno; yr ynysoedd pellenig hyn a ddysgwyliant am ei gyfraith ef. A da iawn oedd genyf weled ein cydwladwr Mr. Charles, a’i gyfaill o Lundain, wedi d’od o bwrpas i sefydlu ac i hyrwyddo y Feibl Gymdeithas, i’r dyben iddi mewn amser gyfranu o’i thrysor gwerthfawr i’r cenhedloedd cymysg yn yr ynys fawr hon. Gyda’r bardd dywedaf finau |
THE STATE OF RELIGION.Religion comes second or third in Australia, and the most tasteless thing that can be brought up at the table is anything about religion; especially among the ‘old hands’; but despite this there is room to hope that there are many pious people there, who think on His name. The church of England, and the free church of Scotland, and the faithful Wesleyan brethren, have worked and continue to work mightily and most admirably. The Welsh hold a few religious meetings in a schoolhouse belonging to the free church in Melbourne, for which were paid five pounds a week in the years 1852 to 1854. The preaching was performed by three pious brethren called John Davies, Abraham Jones, and Zorobabel Davies, of the Baptists—these brethren have left the country; and now the Welsh congregation is served by Moses Jones, of the Calvinistic Methodists,38 and the service there now is very lively, being attended by about 50 professed members. The Government has donated a piece of land to build a Chapel for them; these remote islands await his reign. And I was very glad to see that our countryman Thomas Charles, and his friends from London, have come expressly to establish and to promote the Bible Society, in order that it should in time share its precious treasure with the mixed nations in this great island. With the poet I say |
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“O! Arglwydd da, prysura di y pryd, |
“O! Lord divine, hasten thou the time, |
YSPEILWYR A LLOFRUDDION.Mae y wlad hon wedi bod, ac i raddau yn parhau, yn euog o’r llofruddiaethau a’r yspeiliadau mwyaf arswydus; ond o herwydd arfer y gyfraith i gospi troseddwyr, mae pethau wedi dyfod yn well; bu amser pryd nad oedd na bywyd nac eiddo yn ddiogel, ond yn awr y mae y mounted police sydd yn chwilio y wlad am yspeilwyr, o werth anmhrisiadwy i’r Colony. Nid oes nemawr o filwyr yn Australia, ond bu y rhai hyny o wasanaeth mawr i ostegu y cythrwfwl a gyfododd yn Balarat, er na wnaed hyny hyd nes y collodd dros gant a haner o ddynion eu bywydau yn yr amrafael. |
ROBBERS AND MURDERERS.This country has been, and to a degree still is, guilty of the most dreadful murders and robberies; but through the use of the law to punish criminals, matters have improved; there was a time when neither life nor property were safe, but now the mounted police search the country for robbers, and are invaluable to the Colony. There are few troops in Australia, but these were of great service in quelling the riot which occurred in Ballarat, although that was not achieved without over a hundred and fifty men losing their lives in the fray.39 |
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Y flwyddyn ddiweddaf collfarnwyd a chrogwyd nifer mawr o yspeilwyr; ac un o’u nifer a gyfaddefai, cyn iddo gael ei grogi iddo â’i ddwylaw gwaedlyd ei hun ladd deunaw o bobl yn ei oes; cyfaddefai un arall iddo yntau fod yn euog o gymeryd ymaith fywyd tri-ar-ddeg o ddynion yn ei oes mewn gwahanol fanau; a’r trydydd a gyfaddefai iddo lofruddio pump; ac nid yw hyn ond rhyw gipolwg ar y drygau anfad a dychrynllyd a gyflawnwyd yn y wlad farbaraidd hon. Dywedir, ac y mae hyny yn bod, fod canoedd o filoedd o gyfoeth yn y Treasury yn Melbourn, heb neb i’w feddiannu, a bernir fod braidd holl berchenogion y cyfoeth hwnw wedi cyfarfod â’u diwedd mewn dulliau annheg; ond, trwy drugaredd, mae cyfreithiau uniawn Brydain, a gweinidogion cyfiawnder, a lluosogrwydd y mounted police arfog, yn gwasgu ac yn llethu yspeilwyr a llofruddion; ac y mae pethau bob blwyddyn yn dyfod yn well, a thrafaelio trwy yr anialwch yn llai peryglus. |
Last year a great number of robbers were convicted and hanged; and one of their number confessed, before being hanged, to killing with his own bloody hands eighteen people in his lifetime; another confessed to depriving thirteen men of their lives in his lifetime in various places; and a third confessed to murdering five; and this is just a glimpse of the monstrous and frightful crimes committed in this barbarous land. It is said, and it may be so, that the Treasury in Melbourne holds hundreds of thousands of pounds, unclaimed by any one, and it is reckoned that almost all of the owners of this wealth have met their ends through foul play; but, mercifully, the just laws of Britain, and the servants of justice, and the many armed and mounted police, are overwhelming and crushing robbers and murderers; and every year things are getting better, and travelling through the wilderness less dangerous. |
MARCH YN YSPEILIO YR YSPEILWYR.Fel yr oedd un o’r squaters yn marchogaeth adref, ar anifail da, o gymydogaeth Balarat trwy y bush, cyfarfu tri o yspeilwyr âg ef, a rhai a orchymynasant iddo ddisgyn oddiar ei geffyl—yn ddioed chwiliasant ac yspeiliasant ef o’r hyn oedd ganddo, ond nid oedd hyny nemawr swm. Wedi cymeryd meddiant o’i anifail, gorchymynasant iddo gychwyn adref ar ei draed, ac nad edrychai yn ol dan berygl iddo gael ei saethu—ufyddhaodd, a chyrhaeddodd ei gartref, er ei fod yn mhell, ryw bryd yn ddyogel. Dygwyddodd hyn ar brydnawn ddydd Llun—yn hwyr ar y dydd Mercher canlynol daeth yr anifail adref ar lawn carlam, ac ôl llafur mawr arno—y cyfrwy, ac ynddo werth 600 o bunnau, yn aur, biliau, a llwch aur, y rhai a ddaethant oll i feddiant gwir berchenog yr anifail:—da, onide? |
A HORSE ROBS THE ROBBERS.As one of the ‘squatters’ was riding home through the ‘bush’, on a good horse, in the neighbourhood of Ballarat, he met three robbers, who commanded him to dismount—without delay they searched him and robbed him of what he had, though it was not a large sum. After taking possession of his animal, they ordered him to start home on foot, and not to look back lest he be shot—he obeyed, and eventually reached his home safely, although it was some distance away. This happened on a Monday afternoon—late on the following Wednesday the animal came home at a gallop, showing signs of great labour—the saddle-bags containing 600 pounds in gold, notes, and gold dust, which all became the property of the animal’s rightful owner:—good, was it not? |
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36 Exodus 17:31. 37 Lerp insects, family Psyllidae. 38 This specifically Welsh Nonconformist group (historically the largest) separated from the Church of England in 1811 under the leadership of Thomas Charles, and later became the Presbyterian Church of Wales. 39 The Eureka Rebellion, 1854. The figure for deaths is doubtful. |