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CREFYDDAU Y BYD CRISTIONOGAIDD.Y RHAN GYNTAF:Yn cynwys hanes byr am amryw Enwadau a ystyrir yn union-gred. I.—Athanasiaid.Cafodd y bobl yma yr enw oddiwrth un Athanasius, yr hwn a anwyd (fel y tybir) tua’r flwyddyn 296 o O.C. Yr oedd yn ddyn enwog a dysgedig, ac yn Esgob, (Gweinidog,) yn Alexandria. Enillodd ei alluoedd a’i fedrusrwydd dadleuol iddo enw a lle mawr yn Nghymanfa Nice. Yr oedd yn brif wrthwynebydd i Arius; ac felly Arius iddo yntau. Bu yn y weinidogaeth 66 o flynyddau, o’r rhai y treiliodd 20 mlynedd mewn carcharau, yr hyn a ddaeth i’w rhan trwy ddichellion Arius. |
RELIGIONS OF THE CHRISTIAN WORLD.PART THE FIRST:Containing a short account of various Denominations considered orthodox. I.—Athanasians.These people got their name from one Athanasius, who was born (as it is supposed) about the year 296 A.D. He was a famous and learned man, and Bishop, (Minister,) in Alexandria. His abilities and his debating skills won him fame and an important place at the Council of Nicea. He was a principal opponent of Arius; as Arius was of him. He was in the ministry for 66 years, 20 of which he spent in prisons, as a consequence of the intrigues of Arius. |
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Athanasiaid y gelwir y rhai oedd yn ddysgyblion iddo, a’r rhai a’i holynasant yn yr un credo. Meddylir mae efe a gyfansoddodd y credo sydd yn dwyn ei enw. (?) Derbyniwyd ei gredo yn Ewrop yn y ddegfed ganrif; a dywedir ei bod yn cael ei chanu yn yr eglwysdai y pryd hwnw, ac wedi hyny. Mae yr Eglwys Sefydledig yn eu cofleidio hyd heddyw. Dywedir ei fod mewn bri yn yr Eidal yn y flwyddyn 960 o O.C.; a chafodd ei dderbyn yn Rhufain yn y flwyddyn 1014. Ond dywedir na ddarfu i Eglwys Groeg a’r Dwyrain, na’r Eglwys Esgobawl yn y wlad hon, (America,) ei dderbyn. Y mae yn cael ei ystyried o ran ei sylwedd, yn grynhoad o erthyglau yr iachusawl ffydd. (?) Yn canlyn, wele sylwedd ei gredo, fel y gallo pob un farnu drosto ei hun pa un ai cywir ai annghywir ydyw: |
Those who were his disciples are called Athanasians, as are those who followed them in the same creed. It is thought that he composed the creed that bears his name. (?) His creed was accepted in Europe in the tenth century; and it is said that it was chanted in the churches in those days, and after that. The Established Church embraces it still today. It is said to have been well-known in Italy in the year 960 A.D.; and it was accepted in Rome in the year 1014. But it is said it was not accepted by the Church of Greece and the East, nor by the Episcopalian Church in this country, (America,). In its substance, it is considered to be a summary of the articles of the saving faith. (?) The following gives the substance of his creed, so that everyone might judge for himself what is correct and what is incorrect: |
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‘Pwy bynag fyno fod yn gadwedig, rhaid iddo o flaen pob peth gynal (proffesu) y ffydd Gatholic (gyffredinol); yr hon ffydd onis ceidw pob dyn yn gyfan a dihalog, diameu y collir ef yn dragywydd.—A’r ffydd Gatholic yw hon: |
‘Whoever would be saved must hold (profess) before all else the Catholic (general) faith; which faith, if not kept by every man whole and pure, he will surely be lost eternally.—And the Catholic faith is this: |
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Bod i ni addoli un Duw yn Drindod, a’r Drindod yn Undod. Nid cymysgu o honom y Personau, na gwahanu’r sylwedd; canys un Person sydd i’r Tad, arall i’r Mab, ac arall i’r Yspryd Glân. Eithr Duwdod y Tad, y Mab, a’r Yspryd Glân sydd un rhyw; gogoniant gogyfuwch, a mawrhydi gogyhyd-dragywyddol. |
That we worship one God as a Trinity, and the Trinity as a Unity. We do not confound the Persons, nor divide the substance; for the Father has one Person, the Son another, and the Holy Ghost another. But the Godhead of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost is of one kind; equal glory, and coeternal majesty. |
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Unrhyw yw’r Tad, unrhyw yw’r Mab, ac unrhyw yw’r Yspryd Glân. Digrëedig Dad, digrëedig Fab, a digrëedig Yspryd Glân. Anfesuredig Dad, anfesuredig Fab, ac anfesuredig Yspryd Glân. Tragywyddol Dad, tragywyddol Fab, tragywyddol Yspryd Glân; ac er hyny nid ydynt dri thragywyddolion, ond un tragywyddol, fel nad y’nt dri anfesuredig, na thri digrëedig, ond un digrëedig, ac un anfesuredig. Yn gyffelyb: Hollalluog yw y Tad, Hollalluog yw y Mab, ac Hollalluog yw yr Yspryd Glân. Ond er hyny nid y’nt yn dri Hollalluogion, ond un Hollalluog. Y Tad sydd Dduw, y Mab sydd Dduw, a’r Yspryd Glân, sydd Dduw; ond nid y’nt dri o Dduwiau, ond un Duw. Y Tad sydd Arglwydd, y Mab sydd Arglwydd, a’r Yspryd Glân sydd Arglwydd; ond nid ydynt dri Arglwydd namyn un Arglwydd; canys fel y’n cymellir trwy y Gristionogol (Ysgrythyr) wirionedd, i gyfaddef fod pob Person o hono ei hun yn Dduw, ac yn Arglwydd; felly y’n gwaharddir, trwy y Gatholic grefydd i gredu fod tri Duw, neu dri Arglwydd. |
The Father is of the same kind, the Son is of the same kind, and the Holy Ghost is of the same kind. Uncreated Father, uncreated Son, and uncreated Holy Ghost. Incomprehensible Father, incomprehensible Son, and incomprehensible Holy Ghost. Eternal Father, eternal Son, eternal Holy Ghost; but they are not three eternals, but one eternal, as they are not three incomprehensibles, nor three uncreated, but one uncreated, and one incomprehensible. Likewise: the Father is Almighty, the Son is Almighty, and the Holy Ghost is Almighty. But they are not three Almighties, but one Almighty. God is the Father, God is the Son, and God is the Holy Ghost; but they are not three Gods, but one God. The Father is Lord, the Son is Lord, and the Holy Ghost is Lord; but they are not three Lords but one Lord; for as we are compelled by the Christian (Scripture) truth, to confess that each of his Persons is himself God, and Lord; so we are forbidden by the Catholic religion to believe there are three Gods, or three Lords. |
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Y Tad ni wnaethpwyd gan y Mab, nis crëwyd, ac nis cenedlwyd. Y Mab sydd o’r Tad yn unig heb ei wneuthur na’i greu, eithr wedi ei genedlu. Yr Yspryd Glân sydd o’r Tad a’r Mab, heb ei wneuthur, ei greu, na’i genedlu; eithr yn deilliaw. Wrth hyny, un Tad sydd, un Mab sydd, ac un Yspryd Glân sydd; ac nid tri Thad, tri Mab, a thri Yspryd Glân. |
The Father was not made by the Son, neither created, nor begotten. The Son is from the Father alone, neither made nor created, but begotten. The Holy Ghost is from the Father and the Son, not made, neither created, nor begotten; but proceeding. Accordingly, there is one Father, there is one Son, and there is one Holy Ghost; and not three Fathers, three Sons, and three Holy Ghosts. |
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Yn y Drindod hon nid oes un cynt, neu wedi eu gilydd; eithr yr holl dri Pherson ydynt ogyhyd-dragywyddol, a gogyfuwch. Ac felly, yn mhob peth, yr Undod yn y Drindod, a’r Drindod yn yr Undod sydd i’w addoli. Pwy bynag gan hyny, a fyno fod yn gadwedig, synied felly am y Drindod. |
In this Trinity none is before, or after another; but all three Persons are coeternal, and equal. And so, in all things, we worship the Unity in the Trinity, and the Trinity in the Unity. And so whoever would be saved, let him think thus of the Trinity. |
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Y mae hefyd yn angenrheidiol, er mwyn tragywyddol iechydwriaeth, gredu o ddyn yn ffyddlawn am gnawdoliad ein Arglwydd Iesu Grist; canys yr iawn ffydd yw credu a chyffesu o honom fod ein Harglwydd Iesu Grist, Fab Duw, yn Dduw a dyn. Duw o sylwedd y Tad wedi ei genedlu cyn yr oesoedd; a dyn o sylwedd ei fam wedi ei eni yn y byd. Perffaith Dduw a pherffaith ddyn, o enaid rhesymol, a dynol gnawd yn hanfodi. Gogyfuwch a’r Tad o ran ei Dduwdod, ac is na’r Tad o ran ei ddyndawd. Yr hwn, er ei fod yn Dduw ac yn ddyn, nid yw efe ddau; ond un Crist. Un, nid trwy ddymchwelyd y Duwdod yn gnawd, ond trwy gymeryd y dyndawd at Dduw. Un i gyd oll; nid trwy gymysgu y sylwedd, ond trwy undod Person; canys fel y mae yr enaid rhesymol a’r cnawd yn un dyn, felly Duw a dyn sydd un Crist. Yr hwn a ddyoddefodd drosom er ein iechydwriaeth, a ddisgynodd i uffern, (y bedd,) ac a gyfododd y trydydd dydd o feirw. Esgynodd i’r nefoedd, ac y mae yno yn eistedd ar ddeheulaw y Tad, Duw Hollalluog; oddi yno y daw i farnu y byw a’r meirw; ac ar ei ddyfodiad y cyfyd pob dyn yn ei gorph ei hunan, ac a roddant gyfrif am eu gweithredoedd priod. A’r rhai a wnaethant dda, a ânt i’r bywyd tragywyddol, ond y rhai a wnaethant ddrwg, i’r tân tragywyddol. |
It is also necessary, for the sake of eternal salvation, that a man believe faithfully in the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ; for our true faith is to believe and confess that our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is God and man. God of the substance of the Father begotten before the ages; and man of the substance of his mother born in the world. Perfect God and perfect man, subsisting of a rational soul and human flesh. Equal with the Father in his Godhead, and lower than the Father in his manhood. And although he is God and man, he is not two; but one Christ. One, not by the descent of the Godhead into flesh, but by the taking of the manhood into God. All one together; not by mixing of the substance, but by the unity of a Person; for as the rational soul and the flesh are one man, so God and man are one Christ. Who suffered for our salvation, and descended into hell, (the grave,) and rose from the dead on the third day. He ascended into heaven, and sits there on the right hand of the Father, Almighty God; thence he will come to judge the living and the dead; and at his coming every man will ascend in his own body, and will account for his own deeds. And those who do good, will go into the eternal life, but those who do evil, into the eternal fire. |
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Hon yw’r ffydd Gatholic, yr hon pwy bynag nis credo yn ffyddlawn, ni all fod yn gadwedig. |
This is the Catholic faith, which whoever do not believe faithfully, he can not be saved. |
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Gogoniant i’r Tad, ac i’r Mab, ac i’r Yspryd Glân. Megis yr oedd yn y dechreu, y mae yr awr hon, ac y bydd yn wastad, yn oesoesoedd. Amen.’ |
Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. As it was in the beginning, so it is now, and will be always and for ever. Amen.’ |
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Dealler fod y Duwiol ddyn Athanasius yn ysgrifenu ei gredo yn erbyn Arius a Sabelius; ac yna os ydyw wedi myned i eithafedd o’i ochr ei hun, nid rhyfedd yw. |
It should be understood that the Godly man Athanasius was writing his creed against Arius and Sabellius; and if he has gone to extremes on his own side, that is not a wonder. |
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Yr oeddent hefyd yn cael eu galw yn Buritaniaid. Galwyd hwy ar yr enw hwn o herwydd y purdeb rhyfeddol oeddynt yn osod ar bob rhan o’r gwasanaeth crefyddol. |
They are also called Puritans. They are known by this name because of the wonderful purity they set on every part of the religious service. |
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Gelwid hwy hefyd wedi hyny yn Annghydffurfwyr, am iddynt omedd cydymffurfio âg afresymol ac annilys ysgrythyrol ddeddf yr unffurfiaeth, yr hon a osodwyd i’r holl offeiriaid i weinyddu wrthi, yn holl eglwysdai y Dywysogaeth. Ar ddydd gwyl Bartholomew, yn y flwyddyn 1662 o O.C., pan oedd deddf yr Unffurfiaid yn cael ei gosod mewn grym, darfu i ddwy fil (2,000) o weinidogion Duwiol a dysgedig ymadael a’r hen Eglwys, yn hytrach na halogi eu cydwybodau trwy gydffurfio â deddf yr unffurfiaeth, yr hyn a roddes iddynt yr enw Annghydffurfwyr. Cymerodd hyn le yn amser Siarl yr Ail. |
They were later also called Nonconformists, because they refused to conform with the unreasonable and scripturally incorrect law of uniformity, enacted for all priests to minister by, in all the churches of the Kingdom. On the feast day of Bartholomew, in the year 1662 A.D., when the law of the Uniformists was put in force, two thousand (2,000) Godly and learned ministers left the old Church, rather than violate their consciences by conforming with the law of uniformity, which gave them the name Nonconformists. This took place in the time of Charles the Second. |
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Nis gellir priodoli iddynt un gyffes neillduol o erthyglau athrawiaethol, ond yr oeddent yn cyfarfod yn yr hyn a ganlyn: |
No particular confession of doctrinal articles can be attributed to them, but they would agree with the following: |
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Hawl pob un i farnu drosto ei hun; Rhyddid cydwybod i addoli; Bod yr Ysgrythyrau yn berffaith ddigonol, fel rheol ffydd, ac ymarferiad i’r saint, a phob dyn. |
It is the right of every one to judge for himself; The freedom to worship according to conscience; That the Scriptures are perfectly sufficient, as a rule of faith, and of practice for the saints, and every man. |
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Yr oedd gyda’r Arminiaid yn ymwrthod ag etholedigaeth dragywyddol a diamodol, ac yn credu prynedigaeth gyffredinol; a bod gan bob dyn ddigon o râs i fod yn gadwedig, os myn; ac os colledig a fydd, na bydd ganddo unrhyw esgus. Ond gyda y Calfiniaid credai y cedwid rhifedi penodol i fywyd tragywyddol, &c. |
With the Arminians he rejected eternal and unconditional election, and believed in universal redemption; and that every man has enough grace to be saved, if he wishes; and if he is lost, he has no excuse. But with the Calvinists he believed an appointed number would be saved for eternal life, &c. |
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Baxteriaid y gelwid canlynwyr y dyn yma, a dyna’r enw a roddir ar eu holynwyr hyd heddyw. Ac y maent yn amddiffyn yr un egwyddorion. Ac y mae llawer o honynt idd eu cael yn mysg enwadau eraill. |
The followers of this man were called Baxterians, and that is the name given to their successors today. They defend the same principles, and there are many of them to be found among other denominations. |