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Bydd desgrifiad byr o dair neu bedair o’r siroedd hyn yn gymaint ag a all fod yn wir anghenrheidiol i’r ymfudwr. |
A short description of three or four of these counties is as much as will really be necessary to the emigrant. |
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Y mae Cumberland, y swydd brifddinasol, yn cael ei gwahanu oddiwrth Northumberland a swydd Hunter, ar yr ochr ogleddol, gan yr afon Hawkesbury; oddiwrth siroedd Cook a Chamden, ar y duedd orllewinol, gan yr afonydd Nepean a Rhaiadr (Cataract); ac o darddle y Rhaiadr i lan y môr, ffurfir ei therfyn deheuol gan linell ddychymygol. Ei therfyn dwyreiniol yw y Môr Tawelog; ac y mae ei harfordir yn ddeng milltir a deugain o hyd ar linell union, ac yn rhagor na chan’ milltir gyda’r glenydd cilfachog. Ei phrif borthladdoedd ac angorfeydd ydynt, Porth Jackson, Porth Hacking, Botany Bay, a Broken Bay. Math o rosdir twynog yw yr holl sir, heb fod mewn un modd yn nodedig am ei ffrwythlonder, oddigerth ambell lanerch. Y mae hyn i’w briodoli i’r ffaith nad ydyw wedi ei dyfrhau yn dda, oddigerth glanau yr Hawkesbury a’i cheinciau. Paramatta yw pen tref y sir, yr hon a ddesgifir mewn lle arall. Llynlleifiad (Liverpool) yw, fe allai, y drydedd dref yn Cumberland, ac y mae yn sefyll yn nghanol ardal amaethyddol oludog, tuag ugain milltir o Sydney. Y mae yn lle â chryn lawer o fasnach ynddo, ac yn meddu rhai adeiladau da—eglwys, yspytty, &c. Cawn ymweled â Phenrith ar ein ffordd tua’r cloddfeydd. Y mae llawer o bentrefi yn wasgaredig ar hyd y wlad, a ffyrdd pur dda yn arwain y teithiwr yn mhob cyfeiriad. Y mae y ffermydd yn gyffredin yn lled fychain, ond y maent yn cael eu trin yn o dda. Y mae tuag ugain mil yn dilyn gorchwylion amaethyddol. |
Cumberland, the county of the capital, is separated from Northumberland and the county of Hunter, on the northern side, by the Hawkesbury; from the counties of Cook and Camden, on the western side, by the rivers Nepean and Cataract; and its southern boundary is formed by an imaginary line drawn from the source of the cataract to the sea. Its eastern limit is the Pacific Ocean; and the coastline is fifty miles long in a straight line, and more than a hundred miles with the many inlets and coves. Its chief harbours and anchorages are, Port Jackson, Port Hacking, Botany Bay, and Broken Bay. The entire county is a kind of hillocky moorland, not at all noted for its fertility, outside of the occasional patch. This is to be attributed to the fact that it is not well watered, except for the banks of the Hawkesbury and its branches. Paramatta is the chief town of the county, described elsewhere. Liverpool is, perhaps, the third town in Cumberland, and is located in the middle of a rich agricultural district, about twenty miles from Sydney. It is a place of considerable commerce, and possesses several fine buildings—a church, a hospital, &c. We may visit Penrith on our way to the goldfields. There are many villages scattered throughout the country, and very good roads leading the traveller in every direction. The farms are generally somewhat small, but they are rather well cultivated. There are about twenty thousand given over to agricultural pursuits. |
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Sir arfordirol hefyd yw Northumberland, yn gorwedd o du y gogledd i’r Hawkesbury. Y mae rhan o honi yn fynyddig; ond, ar y cyfan, y mae yn hynod o ffrwythlawn, ac yn meddu rhai o’r golygfeydd ardderchocaf yn yr holl fyd. Y mae ei hamrywiol afonydd a’i morgeinciau yn rhwyddineb mawr i’w thrafnidiaeth ganoldirol. Ar lanau yr Hunter y mae y ffermydd goreu yn yr holl drefedigaeth. Y mae son am brydferthwch dyffrynoedd Northumberland, yn enwedig Dyffryn Yarramalong. Y mae tref Newcastle, yr hon sydd yn nodedig am ei glo (fel ei chyfenw yn Lloegr) tua phedwar ugain milltir o borthladd Sydney. Y mae yn orsaf fasnachol bwysig, ac yn debyg o fod yn lle mawr iawn cyn hir. Maitland yw yr ail dref yn y sir.1 Y mae tuag ugain milltir o Newcastle, a chwech ugain o Sydney, a sefyllfa y lle yn hyfryd, ond bod dwfr da yn brin. Y mae yma ddwy o eglwysydd hardd, y naill yn perthyn i’r Pabyddion, a’r llall i’r Protestaniaid; ond yr adeilad oreu yn y dref yw Ariandy (cangenol) Awstralia. Y mae poblogrwydd cymhariaethol Durham i’w briodoli i’w phorfeydd a’i dyfroedd. Gellir gwneyd yr un sylw mewn perthynas i Argyle, ac yn enwedig Bathurst. Y mae y sir olaf yn nodedig am ei hiachusrwydd, ac yn lle rhagorol i fugeilio a thrin tir. Fe allai nad oes un parth arall o Awstralia yn meddu poblogaeth mor gyfrifol. Y mae y cloddfeydd wedi casglu miloedd lawer yma er pan wnaed y cyfrif uchod i fyny, ond prin y gellir rhestru y cloddwyr ymhlith ei thrigolion sefydlog. |
Northumberland is also a coastal county, lying on the north side of the Hawkesbury. Part of it is mountainous; but, on the whole, it is remarkably fertile, and has some of the most excellent views in the whole world. Its various rivers and arms of the sea are a great obstacle to its inland trade. On the banks of the Hunter are the best farms in all the colony. People speak of the beauty of Northumberland’s valleys, especially the Yarramalong Valley. The town of Newcastle, which is noted for its coal (like its namesake in England) is about eighty miles from the port of Sydney. It is an important commercial centre, and likely to be a very big place before long. Maitland is the second town in the county.1 It is about twenty miles from Newcastle, and a hundred and twenty from Sydney, and has a pleasant location, though good water is scarce. There are two beautiful churches here, one belonging to the Catholics, and the other to the Protestants; but the best building in the town is the (branch) Bank of Australia. The comparative populousness of Durham is to be attributed to its pastures and water. The same comment can be made in relation to Argyle, and particularly Bathurst. The last county is noted for its healthfulness, and is an excellent place to raise sheep and cultivate land. Perhaps no other part of Australia has such a considerable population. The goldfields have gathered many thousands here since the figure above was determined, but the miners could scarcely be counted among its settled inhabitants. |
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Y prif sefydliadau yswatiol ydynt y rhai canlynol:— |
The principal squatting settlements are the following:— |
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1 Gwel hanes manylach yn Pennod v. |
1 See the more detailed account in Chapter v. |